May 22, 2013

France plans to withdraw after retaking north Mali

 France plans to withdraw after retaking north Mali
A sniper stands guard at the airport in Timbuktu, Mali, on Jan. 30.(Photo: Eric Feferbert, AFP/Getty Images)

Story Highlights

France retook an area bigger than Texas
Fewer than 10,000 African troops have been committed to secure it
Jihadist militias retreated from most areas without a fight

(PhatzNewsRoom / ) — France plans to leave soon, now that its troops have retaken from jihadist militias. Its strategy relies on handing control of an area the size of Texas to an African force that is unprepared and has yet to fully materialize.

About 2,500 took part in the operation alongside the Malian military, which was overrun last year by Tuareg and Islamist militias that outnumbered and outgunned it. An international coalition of neighboring African countries has also committed troops, but there are serious questions about their number, training and experience for the mission, says Joshua Foust, a former for the U.S. military.

“There’s a lot of doubt among Africa experts about whether these two groups will be able to handle it,” says Foust, who works for the American Security Project, a think-tank in Washington.

French Foreign Minister told Le Parisien newspaper Wednesday that France provided the men and supplies “to make the mission succeed and hit hard,” but French involvement “was never expected to be maintained.”

“We will leave quickly,” Fabius said, according to the Associated Press. “Now it’s up to African countries to take over.”

France launched its operation Jan. 11 at the request of the Malian transitional government to stop the advance of Islamist militias toward the capital, Bamoko. Jihadi and separatist Tuareg militias overran Malian in the north last spring, supported by fighters that flooded the region after the fall of .

The militias, including al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (), al-Qaeda’s affiliate in North Africa, destroyed ancient shrines, burned a historic library and enforced their harsh version of Islam, banning music and dance and amputating the hands of suspected thieves. An offshoot claimed responsibility for the hostage taking Jan. 16 in Amenas, an Algerian gas facility, that resulted in 37 dead Western workers, including three Americans.

French troops took control of the airport in Kidal, the last remaining city controlled by jihadists in northern Mali. French and Malian troops earlier recaptured two other provincial capitals, Timbuktu and Gao. Haminy Maiga, the interim president of the Kidal regional assembly, told the AP that French forces met no resistance when they arrived in Kidal late Tuesday.

The French advance did not defeat the jihadis, but rather forced them into a “strategic withdrawal,” said J. Peter Pham, director of the Africa program at the Atlantic Council.

They’ve gone into hiding “in an area they know better than anyone else in the world except the Tuaregs,” Pham said, referring to tribes who are native to the region.

The large territory cannot be secured by the small number of troops that have been committed to the task, Pham said.

The Malian military, which overthrew the country’s democratic government in the midst of last spring’s jihadi–Tuareg offensive, can post about 2,500 troops to the north, Pham said. Up to 3,300 troops have been pledged by a multinational African force from Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Togo and Senegal. Chad has said it will send 2,000 troops, according to media reports.

Pham said the combined force is mostly untrained and unequipped for the desert terrain and will have to overcome linguistic barriers.

Confronting it, “you have more than enough militias” to engage in hit-and-run attacks, plant roadside bombs and shoot — insurgent tactics used against foreign forces in Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan over the past decade, he said.

The international troops “will hole up in garrisons behind sandbags while the militants fight an insurgency,” Pham said.

Susanna Wing, an expert on Malian politics at Haverford College, says the French won’t leave until the multinational force is in place and the Malian army has the backing it needs.

“The idea that the jihadists would slink away and stay away without someone to stop them coming back would be crazy, and the French are not going to risk that,” Wing said.

Malian officials have announced plans for national elections by July, which could reinstitute democracy in the country, Wing said.

Foust says the French are trying to set a concrete and limited goal of safeguarding the government in Bamako and leave “in a way that Malians and west Africa can take care of their own business.”

The downside, he said, “is it just might not work.”

Gadhafi’s son Saif al-Islam captured in Libya

728ea1d317586cd4688266975d143517 Gadhafis son Saif al Islam captured in Libya
The Libyan provided this photo it says is Saif al-Islam Gadhafi after his capture Saturday.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS

NEW: His vehicle convoy was halted in the desert after a , a fighter says
An image purportedly of Saif al-Islam shows bandages on the fingers of his right hand
The International Criminal Court confirms Saif al-Islam’s arrest
He is wanted by the International Criminal Court for alleged

, Libya (CNN) — Saif al-Islam Gadhafi, the son of slain Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, has been captured in a firefight in the , senior Libyan said Saturday.

Saif al-Islam was caught by revolutionary fighters after 15 days of pursuit in the area between the southwestern oasis town of Obari and southern town of Sabha, military commanders in Tripoli told CNN.

The 39-year-old, one of the most-wanted elements of the former regime, has now been taken to the city of Zintan in the Western mountains, Zintan fighter Hassan al-Jwaili told CNN.

Saif al-Islam Gadhafi had been on the run since shortly after the fall of his father’s al-Aziziya compound in the capital in August.

The International Criminal Court in the Netherlands confirmed the arrest. The court wants Saif al-Islam Gadhafi for alleged crimes against humanity, including murder, committed during the uprising.

“We are in touch and coordinating with the Libyan ministry of justice to ensure that any solution with regards to the arrest of Saif al-Islam Gadhafi will be in accordance with the law,” ICC spokeswoman Florence Olara said.

Outbursts of celebratory gunfire, the honking of horns and cries of joy could be heard in Tripoli as reports of his capture spread.

Othman Mliegta, commander of the Al Qa’aq , said he had been told that Saif al-Islam was slightly injured in the clashes that took place when the fighters attempted to capture him but is in good health.

A picture released by Libya’s National Transitional Council purportedly of Saif al-Islam appeared to show him half-lying on a low bed with bandages wrapped around the fingers of his right hand.

A military commander from Zintan, Fathi Al-Ayed, told CNN that Saif al-Islam’s injuries had been sustained in previous clashes rather than the firefight that led to his capture in the early hours of Saturday.

Al-Ayed, who was in Obari at the time, said fighters from the Zintan Brigades had been following a vehicle convoy. As they approached, the convoy tried to flee, firing on the fighters, who returned fire.

When the convoy was eventually stopped, Saif al-Islam was arrested along with three other people, Al-Ayed said. All four were taken to Zintan.

Mliegta said those with Saif al-Islam Gadhafi when he was caught did not include his father’s former intelligence chief Abdulla al-Sanussi, also wanted by the ICC.

Said to have played a major role in the bloody crackdown on the that began in Libya in February, Saif al-Islam was named in an Interpol arrest warrant in September.

His father was killed last month near Sirte after his capture by forces loyal to the National Transitional Council.

Asked about guarantees of Saif al-Islam Gadhafi’s safety, Mliegta said he would be treated in the same way as any other detainee.

National Transitional Council military liaison Abdelrahman Busin told CNN that any injuries Saif al-Islam had sustained would be treated.

There was still some secrecy over his movements, Busin said, but he could guarantee Saif al-Islam’s human rights would be respected if he is handed over to the authorities in Tripoli.

It might be several months before a trial could be held but they were keen to keep him in Libya, he said.

Giving his reaction to the news of the arrest, he said: “I think the Libyan people can finally actually breathe a big sigh, finally relax to some extent, because he has been threatening to come back with revenge for some time now. So, it’s a close for many, many people.”

Military commanders told CNN they want the National Transitional Council to ensure Saif al-Islam is tried in their country.

There are questions as to whether Libya would be able to give former regime members a fair trial.

However, the deputy minister of justice told CNN Friday the country does have the necessary judicial system in place.

Luis Moreno Ocampo said previously that if Saif al-Islam Gadhafi is brought before the ICC in the Netherlands, he will “have all the rights and be protected,” and will be allowed to present a defense.

Once seen as a possible successor to his father and an advocate of reform, Saif al-Islam Gadhafi became a vocal defender of his father’s brutal regime.

His whereabouts had been unknown for months. At the end of August he made a call to Syria’s Rai TV, in which he said he was speaking from a suburb of the capital, Tripoli, and urged Libyans to rise up against the rebels.

Saif al-Islam, whose mother is Gadhafi’s second wife Safia, is the second-oldest son of the late strongman. He was educated at the London School of Economics and speaks fluent English.

Gadhafi’s son contacts criminal court about possible surrender

4e17b546771b7ff34a8b49c5f6660234 Gadhafis son contacts criminal court about possible surrender

(Phatforums News / ) — The of the International Criminal Court says he is in indirect contact with Seif al-Islam Gadhafi, the son of the late Moammar Gadhafi, about the possibility of surrendering for trial.

Luis Moreno-Ocampo tells the Associated Press that talks are being held through unidentified intermediaries. He says he does not know where Gadhafi is.

He says some mercenaries are believed to be offering the former dictator’s son refuge in a country that does not cooperate with the court, such as Zimbabwe.

Gadhafi was indicted in June for inciting crowds to murder during the early stages of the Libyan revolution.

If he is brought before the court, Moreno-Ocampo tells , he will “have all the rights and be protected,” and will be allowed to present his defense.

“We believe we have a strong case,” the prosecutor told CNN from The Hague. “We believe he should be convicted.”

() – prosecutors are in touch with Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, urging him to give himself up and warning him Friday he risks a mid-air interception if he tries to flee by plane to an African safe haven.

Confirming reports from Libya’s new leadership to Reuters that the fugitive son and -apparent of slain strongman Muammar Gaddafi has been negotiating a possible surrender, the International Criminal Court said in a statement: “Through intermediaries, we have informal contact with Saif.”

It gave no details on the younger Gaddafi’s whereabouts but said it was “galvanising efforts” to arrest him and former intelligence chief Abdullah al-Senussi, both of whom Libyan officials have said are being sheltered by Tuareg nomads in the Sahara, in the borderlands of Libya and Niger.

“Additionally,” ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo said, “We have learnt through informal channels that there is a group of mercenaries who are offering to move Saif to an African (country) not party to the Rome Statute of the ICC.

“The Office of the Prosecutor is also exploring the possibility to intercept any plane within the air space of a state party in order to make an arrest.”

Some observers suggest surrendering to the ICC may be only one option for Saif al-Islam, 39, who may alternatively hope for a welcome in one of the African states his father helped. NTC officials have said Saif al-Islam might consider surrender his safest option given his father’s killing.

Officials with Libya’s National Transitional Council (NTC) have said they believe African mercenaries, including from South Africa, were acting as bodyguards for Saif al-Islam as he took refuge in Bani Walid, a pro-Gaddafi bastion near Tripoli, and then fled south as his father was captured, abused and killed.

A South African newspaper said Thursday that a plane was on standby there to fly north and rescue Saif al-Islam along with a group of South Africans working for him. This could not be independently verified.

“If we reach agreement, logistical measures for his transfer will be taken,” ICC spokesman Fadi El said in The Hague Friday, adding that a transfer might still “require some time” to be arranged.

“It is not possible to discuss logistics or make presumptions about what is needed at this stage. There are different scenarios depending on what country he is in.”

The ICC has no police force of its own, and therefore has to rely on state co-operation to have suspects arrested.

AFRICAN OPTIONS

Niger, where another of the elder Gaddafi’s sons has found refuge, has said it will honor treaty commitments with the ICC, meaning it should extradite any indicted suspect. The ICC has indicted the elder Gaddafi, Saif al-Islam and Senussi for after the killing of protesters who demonstrated against Gaddafi’s 42-year rule in February.

Among other neighboring states on which Gaddafi lavished some of Libya’s oil wealth in pursuit of an anti-colonial, pan-African policy, Chad, Burkina Faso and Mali are also signatories to the Rome Statute of the ICC. So are South Africa and Tunisia.

Those which are not signatories, and so might be in a position to ignore extradition requests, include Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan and Zimbabwe. It is not clear any of those nations would welcome the fugitive Gaddafi.

Algeria has taken in the wife and three surviving children of Muammar Gaddafi, angering its Libyan neighbors.

In France, one of the key initial backers of the revolt against Gaddafi, Foreign Ministry spokesman Bernard Valero was asked about reports that Saif al-Islam might have made it across Algeria or Niger to Mali, a former French colony. He said Paris had little information but added:

“This man’s place is before the international criminal court … We don’t care whether he goes on foot, by plane, by boat, by car or on a camel, the only thing that matters is that he belongs in the ICC.

“We don’t have many details, but the sooner the better.”

FAIR TRIAL

The ICC’s Moreno-Ocampo said in his statement: “If he surrenders to the ICC, he has the right to be heard in court, he is innocent until proven guilty. The judges will decide.

“This is a legal process and if the judges decide that Saif is innocent, or has served his sentence, he can request the judges to send him to a different country as long as that country accepts him.”

Earlier this week a senior Libyan NTC official told Reuters that the London-educated Saif al-Islam was trying to arrange for an aircraft to fly him out of his desert refuge and into the custody of the war crimes court.

Details are sketchy but a picture has built up since his father’s killing while in the hands of NTC fighters a week ago that suggests the man once seen as heir-apparent has taken refuge among Sahara nomads and is seeking a safe haven abroad.

One NTC official said Thursday that Saif al-Islam had crossed into Niger but had not yet found a way to hand himself in: “There is a contact with Mali and with South Africa and with another neighboring country to organize his exit.

“He hasn’t got confirmation yet, he’s still waiting.”

WIN OR DIE

Even if Saif can still draw on some of the fortune the Gaddafi clan built up during 42 years in control of North Africa’s main oilfields, his indictment by the ICC over his part in trying to crush this year’s revolt limits his options.

That may explain an apparent willingness, in communications monitored by intelligence services and shared with Libya’s interim rulers, to discuss a surrender to the ICC, whereas his mother and surviving siblings simply fled to Algeria and Niger.

Saif al-Islam was once seen as a potential liberal reformer but who adopted a belligerent, win-or-die persona at his father’s side this year. The ICC accuses him of hiring mercenaries to carry out a predetermined plan to kill protesters.

Rhissa Ag Boula, a former Tuareg rebel leader who is now a presidential adviser in Niger, told Reuters on Thursday: “Abdullah al-Senussi is now in . He crossed Niger north of Arlit escorted by Malian Tuareg as well as some from Niger. They were well protected, which is to say armed. As for Saif, he is hesitant and is indeed in Niger. He is trying to decide whether to continue to Mali or stay in Niger.”

A member of the Malian parliament who has been in charge of relations with Libya’s NTC discounted some reports that Gaddafi and Senussi had crossed Algeria or Niger into Mali.

The African Union, and powerful members like South Africa, grumble about the nine-year-old ICC’s focus so far on Africans and some of them may prove sympathetic.

Even if arrested on charges relating to his role in attacks on protesters in February and March, Saif could make defense arguments that might limit any sentence, lawyers said.

(Writing by Alastair Macdonald, editing by Peter Millership)

Forces stalled near Gadhafi stronghold amid reports of in-fighting

7f634fa8198627b07341ca4462c28903 Forces stalled near Gadhafi stronghold amid reports of in fighting
Rebel fighters close in on Sirte
STORY HIGHLIGHTS

NEW: “We have no option but to kill until victory,” a station reports Gadhafi saying
A fleeing resident of Bani Walid says there is no and food is low
An NTC spokesman reports a skirmish with pro-Gadhafi forces near an oil refinery
China is the latest nation to recognize the NTC

Tripoli, Libya () — Libya’s are moving to unite fractious, heavily armed bands of fighters under a single control, even as the forces struggled Monday to take control of Moammar Gadhafi’s last of support.

The announcement Sunday by the head of the National Transitional Council followed reports of in-fighting and arguments among bands of fighters stalled outside the town of Bani Walid after encountering during an assault.

Syrian television station Al Rai on Monday, meanwhile, said it would air a message from Gadhafi. The station ran a banner allegedly quoting the ousted as saying, “We cannot surrender Libya to imperialism once like the agents/ want us to now. So we have no option but to kill until victory and to destroy this attempted overthrow.”

Bani Walid, home to a powerful tribe loyal to Gadhafi, is one of three major towns still in the hands of those loyal to the ousted leader.

A large convoy of troops left the front after arguing with another group of fighters from Bani Walid, who insisted they alone take the lead in fighting to take the town, witnesses told CNN’s Ben Wedeman.

RELATED TOPICS

Libya
Moammar Gadhafi
National Transitional Council

Pushing and shoving also broke out among the fighters, some of whom wanted the media to leave the area.

“What ensued was pushing, shoving, shouting,” said Wedeman, who watched the incident unfold. “Rocks were picked up. There was some rifle butting, and then one of the fighters manning a truck mounted a 14.5 (mm) anti-aircraft gun and opened fire in the air to restore order.”

Similar incidents have been reported during the months-long war, raising concerns about a lack of discipline and leadership among the ragtag group of fighters and the possible threat such issues could pose to the country’s stability.

Negotiations are under way with bands of fighters to bring them under the control of the council, said Mahmoud Jibril, chairman of the National Transitional Council.

Jibril called the move a strategic measure that would restate the legitimacy of the NTC, saying it would “hone in all the and revolutionaries under the umbrella of the NTC.”

But Anees al-Sharif, a spokesman of the new Tripoli military council, said the plan was “unacceptable.”

“We will not accept Jibril’s authority over us,” he told CNN.

Some residents of the town, meanwhile, were fleeing. One man, who identified himself as Abu Farook but did not want to provide his last name for fear of retribution, arrived at a checkpoint about 20 kilometers (12 miles) outside Bani Walid on Monday, accompanied by his wife and children.

“There are around 700 Gadhafi forces scattered around Bani Walid and another 150 in the center of the city,” he said. “Most of them have sniper rifles and other heavy artillery positioned between houses in residential areas. These forces are the ones who fled from Tripoli the last days of the fall of Tripoli and have blood on their hands.”

In addition, Abu Farook said, there are African mercenaries inside Bani Walid. He said there are no communications, no electricity and no running water. Food is running out for residents, he said.

He said NTC fighters are not inside Bani Walid, but on its northwest in the Manasla and Douwara neighborhoods, still about 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the city center.

Abu Farook said firing and have taken place for 10 days but he could not flee until Monday. He said his nephew was killed by a sniper bullet on Sunday while standing near him.

The man’s 7-year-old son, in the car, said he was scared by all the fighting and loud explosions.

Jibril also announced that a transitional, governing executive committee will be created within 10 days and will include representatives from across Libya, including areas of the country still under siege.

“A transitional government will be formed once all of Libya is liberated,” Jibril said.

The creation of the executive committee comes as Jibril said Libya has begun producing oil again.

He said oil production began Saturday, though he would not disclose the location because of security concerns. He said additional production is expected in other areas.

“Soon, we will begin the production of oil and gas in the western area,” he said.

An explosion took place Monday on the outskirts of Tripoli at an ammunition storage facility in the Qasser Bin Ghashir area near Tripoli International Airport, said NTC spokesman Jalal El Gallal. People were in the process of transporting the ammunition to another location when the blast occurred, he said. There was no immediate information on any casualties.

Also Monday, forces loyal to Gadhafi attacked an industrial complex housing an oil refinery at Ras Lanouf, according to Gallal. The did not enter the refinery itself, as a battle ensued and NTC fighters held them back, he said.

There were NTC casualties from the fighting, Gallal said, but he did not immediately know how many. He could not confirm whether there were any pro-Gadhafi casualties.

The oil production news was tempered, though, by word that one of Gadhafi’s sons, Saadi, escaped Libya to Niger.

The son was accompanied by eight ex-Libyan officials, “of minor importance compared to Saadi,” said Niger’s Justice Minister Marou Amadou.

“As usual, Niger accepted them on (a) humanitarian basis,” he said.

Moammar Gadhafi’s wife, two of his sons and other relatives fled recently to Algeria, which also said it had acted on humanitarian grounds by accepting them.

Earlier this month, Saadi Gadhafi told CNN he was “a little bit outside” of Bani Walid, southeast of Tripoli, but had been moving around.

He said then that he had not seen his father or brother, Saif al-Islam Gadhafi, for two months. He said he is “neutral” and not on his father’s side or that of the rebels, but remains “ready to help negotiate a cease-fire.”

At least three Libyan convoys have entered Niger recently, carrying generals, family members and low-ranking Gadhafi regime personnel, according to officials in Niger. Initial speculation suggested that Moammar Gadhafi had been in one of those groups, but that does not appear to be the case.

The whereabouts of the ousted Libyan leader are not known.

Asked whether Saif al-Islam Gadhafi was thought to be inside Bani Walid, Abu Farook said, “We don’t know for sure.” However, he said, Gadhafi spokesman Musa Ibrahim was thought to be in the town, staying in a house near the city center that is surrounded by snipers on top of buildings.

Gadhafi’s former spy chief, Bouzaid Dorda, was been arrested in Tripoli, Adel al-Zintani, a spokesman for the National Transitional Council, told CNN late Sunday.

China was the latest nation to recognize the National Transitional Council as Libya’s ruling authority and representative of the Libyan people, the Chinese state-run Xinhua news agency reported Monday. Other nations and organizations including Russia, the United States and the European Union have already done so.

Gaddafi flees Tripoli HQ ransacked by rebels

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() – A beleaguered vowed on Wednesday to fight on to death or victory after jubilant rebels forced him to abandon his Tripoli stronghold in an apparently decisive blow against the ’s 42-year rule.

Rebels ransacked Gaddafi’s Bab al-Aziziya bastion, seizing arms and smashing symbols of a ruler whose fall will transform Libya and rattle other Arab facing popular uprisings.

Gaddafi said the withdrawal from his headquarters in the heart of the capital was a after it had been hit by 64 and he vowed “” or victory in his six-month war against the Western alliance and Libyan foes.

Urging to cleanse the streets of traitors, he said he had secretly toured Tripoli.

“I have been out a bit in Tripoli discreetly, without being seen by people, and … I did not feel that Tripoli was in danger,” Gaddafi told loyalist media outlets.

His whereabouts after leaving the compound, perhaps via a tunnel network to adjoining districts, remain unknown, although he appears to have been in Tripoli, at least until recently.

Rebels said fighting was still going on near the Rixos hotel, where armed Gaddafi have prevented foreign journalists from leaving, and in eastern areas of the city.

A Reuters reporter near the hotel around midday (6 a.m. EDT) on Wednesday heard rifle fire and heavy anti-aircraft guns, which have been used by both sides against .

Earlier in the morning, a Reuters reporter inside the hotel, Missy Ryan, said food and water were running low. Pro-Gaddafi gunmen who had patrolled the hotel compound were no longer in sight, she said, but it was not clear if they had withdrawn.

Residents remained fearful, with empty streets, shuttered shops and piles of garbage testifying that life is still far from normal in the city of 2 million. Rebels manned checkpoints along the main thoroughfare into the city from the west.

People were defacing or erasing Gaddafi portraits and other symbols in a city where they were once ubiquitous. They painted over street names and renamed them for who had become “martyrs.” Plaques were torn off government offices.

“There are some fights going but hopefully today everything will be over,” one rebel fighter said.

Fighting was reported on Tuesday night in a southern desert city, Sabha, that rebels forecast would be Gaddafi loyalists’ last redoubt. Pro-Gaddafi forces were shelling the towns of Zuara and Ajelat, west of Tripoli, Al-Arabiya TV said.

Omar al-Ghirani, a rebel spokesman, said loyalist forces had fired seven Grad missiles at residential areas of the capital, causing people to flee their homes in panic.

He told Reuters Gaddafi troops had also fired mortar rounds in the area of the Tripoli airport.

“VOLCANO OF LAVA”

The continued shooting suggested the six-month popular insurgency against Gaddafi, a maverick Arab nationalist who defied the West and kept an iron hand on his oil-exporting, country for four decades, has not completely triumphed yet.

A spokesman for Gaddafi said the Libyan leader was ready to resist the rebels for months, or even years.

“We will turn Libya into a volcano of lava and fire under the feet of the invaders and their treacherous agents,” Moussa Ibrahim said, speaking by telephone to pro-Gaddafi channels.

Rebel leaders would not enjoy peace if they carried out their plans to move to Tripoli from their headquarters in the eastern city of Benghazi, he said.

But Gaddafi was already history in the eyes of the rebels and their political leaders planned high-level talks in Qatar on Wednesday with envoys of the United States, Britain, France, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates on the way ahead.

Another meeting was scheduled for Thursday in Istanbul.

China urged a “stable transition of power” in Libya and said on Wednesday it was in contact with the rebel council, the clearest sign yet that Beijing has effectively shifted recognition to forces poised to defeat Gaddafi.

China “respects the choice of the Libyan people,” Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu said in a statement.

A senior representative for reconstruction in the rebel movement said a new government would honor all the oil contracts granted during the Gaddafi era, including those of Chinese companies. “The contracts in the oil fields are absolutely sacrosanct,” Ahmed Jehani told Reuters Insider TV.

“All lawful contracts will be honored whether they are in the oil and gas complex or in the contracting… We have contracts that were negotiated … they were auctioned openly … There’s no question of revoking any contract.”

A spokesman for rebel-run oil firm AGOCO had warned on Monday

Chinese and Russian firms could lose out on oil contracts for failing to back the rebellion.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev urged Gaddafi and his foes to stop fighting and talk. “We want the Libyans to come to an agreement among themselves,” he said, suggesting that Moscow could recognize the rebel government if it unites the country.

China and Russia, usually opposed to foreign intervention in sovereign states, did not veto a U.N. Security Council resolution in March that authorized NATO to use air power to protect Libyan civilians. But they criticized the scale of the air campaign and called for a negotiated solution.

The victors are in no mood for dialogue with Gaddafi.

“It’s over! Gaddafi is finished!” yelled a fighter over a din of celebratory gunfire across the Bab al-Aziziya compound, Gaddafi’s sprawling citadel of power in the Libyan capital.

KEEP REVOLUTION CLEAN, REBEL LEADER SAYS

The hunt to find Gaddafi is now on. Colonel Ahmed Bani, a rebel, told Al-Arabiya TV he was probably holed up somewhere in Tripoli. “It will take a long time to find him,” he said.

Some reckon the eight months it took to track down Saddam Hussein in Iraq in 2003 helped foster the insurgency there.

Rebel National Council chief Mustafa Abdel-Jalil, who was until February a loyal minister of Gaddafi, cautioned: “It is too early to say that the battle of Tripoli is over. That won’t happen until Gaddafi and his sons are captured.”

In an interview with Italy’s La Repubblica, he promised parliamentary and presidential elections in eight months’ time.

“If I were to be nominated president, it would only be a temporary appointment and I would remain in that position only until the next elections, which would be the first free elections in our country,” Abdel-Jalil said.

He said the council favored trying Gaddafi and his family in Libya rather than sending him to The Hague, where he and two others have been indicted by the International Criminal Court.

Mahmoud Jibril, head of the rebel government, also promised a transition toward democracy for Libyans. “The whole world is looking at Libya,” he said, warning against summary justice.

“We must not sully the final page of the revolution.”

Jibril said rebels had formed a new body including field commanders from a variety of local revolutionary groups to coordinate security. There is a history of friction among villages and tribes, Arabs and ethnic Berbers, and between the east and west of a state formed as an Italian colony in 1934.

Western powers who backed the revolt with air power held off from pronouncing victory although they are keen for a swift return to order, given fears any post-Gaddafi anarchy would thwart hopes of Libya resuming oil exports soon.

The fall of Gaddafi, with the arresting images on Arab satellite TV of rebels stomping through his sanctum and laying waste to the props of his power, could invigorate other revolts in the Arab world, such as in Syria where President Bashar al-Assad has launched bloody military crackdowns on protesters.

(Reporting by Peter Graff, Ulf Laessing, Missy Ryan, Zohra Bensemra and Leon Malherbe in Tripoli, Robert Birsel in Benghazi, Hamid Ould Ahmed and Christian Lowe in Algiers, Souhail Karam in Rabat, Richard Valdmanis, Sami Aboudi in Cairo, Catherine Hornby in Rome, Denis Dyomkin in Sosnovy Bor and Chris Buckley in Beijing; Writing by Giles Elgood; Editing by Alistair Lyon and Alastair Macdonald)

Fresh fighting erupts between Libya rebels, regime

916862c626a9373fcd230d89dc14b205 Fresh fighting erupts between Libya rebels, regime

, Libya (AP) – Fresh fighting erupted in on Tuesday hours after Moammar Gadhafi's son turned up free to thwart Libyan rebel claims he had been captured, a move that seems to have energized forces still loyal to the embattled regime.

Rebels and pro-regime troops fought fierce street battles in several parts of the city, a day after opposition fighters swept into the capital with relative ease, claiming to have most of it under their control.

Thick clouds of gray and white smoke filled the Tripoli sky as heavy and shook several districts of the city of 2 million people. Some of the heaviest fighting was around Gadhafi's al-Aziziya main compound and military barracks.

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The compound, which has been heavily damaged by NATO airstrikes, has emerged as one of the centers of government resistance since tanks rolled out Monday and began firing at rebels trying to get in.

Seif al-Islam's sudden — even surreal — arrival at a Tripoli hotel where foreign journalists are staying threw the situation in the capital into confusion. The appearance of Gadhafi's son and former apparent underlined the potential for the longtime Libyan leader, whose whereabouts remain unknown, to strike back even as his grip on power seemed to be slipping fast.

Rebels say they control most of Tripoli, but they faced pockets of fierce resistance from regime loyalists firing mortars and anti-aircraft guns. Rebel spokesman Mohammed Abdel-Rahman, who was in Tripoli, said the "danger is still there" as long as the longtime Libyan leader remains on the run.

He warned that pro-Gadhafi brigades are positioned on Tripoli's outskirts and could "be in the middle of the city in ."

The rebel leadership seemed stunned that Seif al-Islam was free. A spokesman, Sadeq al-Kabir, had no explanation and could only say, "This could be all lies."

He could not confirm whether Seif al-Islam escaped rebel custody, but he did say that another captured Gadhafi son, Mohammed, had escaped the home arrest that rebels had placed him in a day earlier. On Monday, the rebels had said Seif al-Islam was captured, but did not give details on where he was held.

The Netherlands-based — which indicted Seif al-Islam and his father — had announced his capture, but spokesman Fadi El said Tuesday the court never received official confirmation from Libya's rebel authorities that he had been arrested.

Seif al-Islam, with a full beard and wearing an olive-green T-shirt and camouflage trousers, turned up early Tuesday morning at the Rixos hotel, where about 30 foreign journalists are staying in Tripoli under the close watch of regime minders.

Riding in a white limousine amid a convoy of armored SUVs, he took reporters on a drive through parts of the city still under the regime's control, saying, "We are going to hit the hottest spots in Tripoli." Associated Press reporters were among the journalists who saw him and went on the tour.

The tour covered mainly the area that was known to still be under the regime's control — the district around the Rixos hotel and nearby Bab al-Aziziya, Gadhafi's residential compound and military barracks. The tour went through streets full of armed Gadhafi backers, controlled by roadblocks, and into the Gadhafi stronghold neighborhood Bu Slim.

At Bab al-Aziziya, at least a hundred men were waiting in lines for guns being distributed to volunteers to defend the regime. Seif al-Islam shook hands with supporters, beaming and flashing the "V for victory" sign.

"We are here. This is our country. This is our people, and we live here, and we die here," he told AP Television News. "And we are going to win, because the people are with us. That's why were are going to win. Look at them — look at them, in the streets, everywhere!"

When asked about the ICC's claim that he was arrested by rebels, he told reporters: "The ICC can go to hell," and added "We are going to break the backbone of the rebels."

In Benghazi, the de facto rebel capital hundreds of miles east of Tripoli, the head of the rebel National Transitional Council said the rebels have no idea where the 69-year-old Gadhafi is or whether he is even in Tripoli.

"The real moment of victory is when Gadhafi is captured," Mustafa Abdel-Jalil said. An Obama administration official said the U.S. had no indication that Gadhafi had left Libya.

President Obama said the situation in Libya reached a tipping point in recent days after a five month NATO-led bombing campaign. However, he acknowledged that the situation remained fluid and that elements of the regime remained a threat.

The Obama administration official said the U.S. believes 90 percent of the capital is under rebel control, while regime loyalists still control and the southern city of Sebha. The official spoke on the condition of anonymity because the official was not authorized to speak publicly.

Gadhafi's forces remained active, firing off a short-range Monday near Sirte, Gadhafi's hometown and one of the few remaining cities still under his control, said U.S. military officials, who declined to be identified in order to discuss military operations. It was unclear where the missile landed or if anyone was hurt.

It was only the second Scud missile fired during this year's conflict. On Aug. 15, Libyan government forces launched one near Sirte that landed in the desert outside Brega, injuring no one.

NATO vowed to keep up its air campaign until all pro-Gadhafi forces surrender or return to their barracks. The alliance's warplanes have hit at least 40 targets in and around Tripoli in the past two days — the highest number on a single geographic location since the bombing started in March, NATO said.

But the situation in Tripoli, a metropolis of 2 million, remained volatile and rebels appeared to be on the defensive, ducking for cover during frequent clashes with regime fighters. Stores were shuttered and large areas were lifeless, including the old gold market, in the past a draw for tourists.

The International Organization for Migration said Tuesday that a rescue mission to pluck 300 foreign nationals from the Libyan capital has been delayed by fighting. The Geneva-based group says an IOM-chartered ship will remain off the coast of Tripoli "until security conditions have improved and the safety of staff and migrants can be guaranteed."

The rebels have sent reinforcements to the city from the north, south and southeast, and a rebel field commander said Monday that more than 4,000 fighters were part of the final push to bring down the regime. Rebels manned checkpoints on the western approaches to the city Monday, handing out candy to motorists and inquiring about their destinations.

Around midday Monday, rebel fighters took over a women's police college near the Mediterranean and declared that they would set up their new headquarters there.

But the rebels' optimistic mood of the morning quickly changed. By mid-afternoon, the college came under heavy fire. Snipers from nearby high-rises aimed at motorists speeding by. An anti-aircraft gun pounded the compound, creating a deafening noise. A handful of rebel fighters inside seemed jumpy and unsure what to do.

Gadhafi loyalists also launched attacks in two other areas of Tripoli, said Ashraf Hussein, a rebel fighter who sat pressed against an inner wall of the compound for safety.

Still, revelers flocked to Green Square, the symbolic heart of the fading Gadhafi regime that fell under rebel control late Sunday. They flashed the "V" for victory sign and motorists circled the plaza, honking horns and waving rebel flags.

Outside of Tripoli, almost all of eastern and western Libya is now under rebel control. The east of the country from the Egyptian border to Benghazi fell into rebel hands at the beginning of the uprising. In the weeks leading up to Sunday's lightning advance on Tripoli, the rebels consolidated control of the western Nafusa mountain range near the border with Tunisia. It was from there they staged the run on the capital. Most of the rest of the country was quickly falling into their hands.

The city of Sirte, Gadhafi's hometown to the east of Tripoli, was the most important loyalist bastion to remain fully under his control.

On Monday, the city was without power and full of heavily guarded Gadhafi checkpoints, said Hassan al-Daroui, an official with the rebel council in Benghazi who was in touch with people there by satellite phone. Many people there were not even aware that rebels had pushed into the capital, 250 miles to the northwest, he said.

On Saturday rebels said they gained control of the oil refineries and airport at the oil terminal of Brega, on the road heading out of Benghazi west toward Tripoli.

The rebels' startling breakthrough on Sunday, after a long deadlock in Libya's 6-month-old civil war, was the culmination of a closely coordinated plan by rebels, NATO and anti-Gadhafi residents inside Tripoli, rebel leaders said.

Libya conflict: Fighting rages near Gaddafi compound

31f903efa4f1aea4fb30af4e20145926 Libya conflict: Fighting rages near Gaddafi compound

(Phatforums News / ) – Heavy fighting is taking place in Tripoli around the compound of embattled Libyan leader Col Muammar Gaddafi after seized control of much of the city on Sunday.

Throughout the night, remained in central Green Square, previously the scene of nightly pro-Gaddafi demonstrations.

Rebels met little resistance as they swept in from east, south and west.

A rebel spokesman says pro-Gaddafi forces still control 15-20% of Tripoli.

There is no word of Col Gaddafi’s whereabouts, but the rebels claim to have captured his son Saif al-Islam.

Tanks emerged from Col Gaddafi’s Bab al-Azizia compound early on Monday morning and began firing, a rebel spokesman said.

Sustained gunfire has been heard in the area.

Western leaders have welcomed the rebel advance and urged Col Gaddafi to go.

China has said it will co-operate with whatever government the Libyan people choose.

Flags torn down
At the scene
Rupert Wingfield-Hayes BBC News, Tripoli

The pictures of mass celebrations in Green Square overnight give the impression that Tripoli is now in rebel hands. But our experience in Tripoli this morning shows that view is far too optimistic.

Driving in to the centre of Tripoli just after sunrise this morning our was ambushed by Gaddafi using heavy weapons. We were driving along the seafront close to the Marriott hotel and heading towards Green Square.

Suddenly, about 700m [0.5 miles] ahead, a pick-up truck with a 20mm anti-aircraft cannon on the back pulled out of a side street and started firing directly at the convoy.

Sniper fire came from surrounding buildings. It was a classic ambush. We managed to turn our car and make our escape unscathed. But I have little doubt there were deaths and injuries among the rebels in the convoy.

Tripoli this morning is neither safe nor secure, and several areas remain in the hands of Gaddafi loyalists.

The BBC’s Tripoli correspondent, Rana Jawad, who has been unable to report openly since March, says people in her neighbourhood in eastern Tripoli were woken by the imam at the local mosque singing the national anthem of the pre-Gaddafi monarchy.

There is very much a sense that the end is near and the rebels have achieved what they wanted, our correspondent says.

In Green Square – which is to return to its pre-Gaddafi name of Martyrs’ Square – rebel supporters tore down the green flags of the Libyan government and trampled on portraits of Colonel Gaddafi.

“The momentum against the Gaddafi regime has reached a tipping point. Tripoli is slipping from the grasp of a tyrant,” said US President Barack Obama in a statement.

UK Prime Minister David Cameron, who is cutting short his holiday to chair a meeting of the National Security Council, said it was clear “that the end is near for Gaddafi”.

Mr Cameron said the Libyan leader had “committed appalling crimes against the people of Libya and he must go now to avoid any further suffering for his own people”.

The International Criminal Court in The Hague is negotiating the transfer of Saif al-Islam on charges of war crimes. The court is also seeking the arrest of Col Gaddafi and the head of the Libyan intelligence service, Abdullah al-Sanussi.

Another of Col Gaddafi’s sons, Muhammad, was speaking on the phone to al-Jazeera TV when he said the rebels were surrounding his home. Gunfire was heard before the line cut off.

Libya uprising timeline

17 Feb: Anti-government protests begin across Libya, in the wake of uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt
24 Feb – 6 March: Rebels seize control of several towns and cities but are driven back by government forces
17 March: UN Security Council authorises a no-fly zone over Libya and “all necessary measures” to protect civilians
19 March: First strikes by US, French and British warplanes halt the advance of Col Gaddafi’s forces
30 March: Libyan Foreign Minister Moussa Koussa defects and flies to Britain
16-25 April: Rebel-held western city of Misrata comes under government bombardment, forcing many to evacuate by sea
May-July: Military as rebels and government troops engage in skirmishes
Mid-August: Rebels sweep down from the western Nafusa mountains, seizing the key towns of Zawiya and Gharyan outside Tripoli
21 Aug: enter Tripoli with little sign of the expected stiff resistance

Libya conflict: Q&A
Hope and fear in media

A diplomatic source told the AFP news agency that Col Gaddafi could still be in Bab al-Azizia. He has not been seen in public since May, although he has broadcast audio messages from undisclosed locations.

TV footage showed Libyans kneeling and kissing the ground in gratitude for what some called a “blessed day”.

The rebel administration, the (NTC), has announced it will move its centre of operations to Tripoli from the eastern city of Benghazi, which has been in rebel hands since the early days of the uprising.

France says the head of the NTC, Mustafa Mohammed Abdul Jalil, is expected to travel to Paris next week for a meeting of the international “contact group” of countries involved in stabilising Libya.

‘Armed gangs’

In an audio message broadcast late on Sunday, the Libyan leader urged residents to “save Tripoli” from the rebels.

“How come you allow Tripoli, the capital, to be under occupation once again?” he asked. “The traitors are paving the way for the occupation forces to be deployed in Tripoli.”

Libyan Information Minister Moussa Ibrahim told that the Gaddafi government still had 65,000 loyal soldiers under its command.

However, some forces have surrendered to the rebels, including the special battalion charged with securing Tripoli.

Mr Abdul Jalil said early on Monday: “I warn you, there are still pockets of resistance in and around Tripoli.”

He told al-Jazeera television that he would resign if the rebels resorted to vengeance and score-settling.

A Tripoli resident who did not want to be named told the BBC World Service that rebel fighters were “breaking into people’s houses, stealing everything”.

“This will be a disaster for Libya and Nato,” he said.

Mr Ibrahim said fighting in the city since noon (10:00 GMT) on Sunday had left 1,300 people dead and 5,000 wounded. There is no confirmation of the figures.

The Libyan information minister accused Nato of backing “armed gangs” with air power. He added that the Gaddafi government was prepared to negotiate directly with the NTC.

Mr Abdul Jalil said the rebels would halt their offensive if Col Gaddafi announced his departure.

Speaking about Saif al-Islam Gaddafi’s capture, Mr Abdul Jalil said he was “being kept in a secure place under close guard until he is handed over to the judiciary”.

He added that rebel forces would give Col Gaddafi and his sons safe passage out of the country.

Libyan rebels seize western oil refinery

a84b3e71675eba10a62ea3ca65440078 Libyan rebels seize western oil refinery

() – Libyan rebels took control of an in the western town of Zawiyah and blocked the main highway north to the capital on Thursday, further isolating ’s stronghold.

Rebel advances in recent days have cut Gaddafi’s forces off from their main resupply routes following a months-long stalemate, putting the ’s 41-year rule under unprecedented pressure.

Small groups of rebel fighters occupied the inside of the Zawiyah refinery complex, about 50 km (30 miles) west of Tripoli along the highway linking Tripoli to Tunisia, with no sign of the pro-Gaddafi forces that had battled for the plant.

“The battle (for the refinery) lasted for two days but the main battle was last night. We took control last night,” said Omran, 31, a rebel fighter from Zawiyah who spoke to Reuters inside the refinery complex.

He said battled about 150 Gaddafi troops, who later fled the sea-side refinery on Zodiac boats.

Doctors at a hospital a few kilometers south of Zawiyah said nine people were killed and at least 45 injured in fighting around the town and at the refinery on Wednesday, most of them rebels, and said pro-Gaddafi forces had hit a house near the hospital with Grad rockets.

Rebels also controlled the town of Garyan, which sits about 80 km south of Tripoli on the main highway, a Reuters reporter there said, adding that rebels had placed a T-34 tank and an anti-aircraft gun taken from Gaddafi forces in the .

“We took one tank and an anti-aircraft gun from Gaddafi’s forces. Next, we will go to Tripoli,” said one of the fighters, who called himself Mohammad.

Rebel forces advanced several kilometers north of Garyan later in the day, clashing with pro-Gaddafi fighters. Black smoke billowed from the direction of the fighting and a Reuters reporter heard gun fire and the of Grad rockets.

A spokesman for Gaddafi played down recent rebel gains and said the government remained in control of the country.

“This is a crisis that will last a few days and then it will be — God willing — overcome,” said Mussa Ibrahim in remarks carried by JANA news agency on Thursday. “We will push ahead and until we liberate the whole country.”

Gaddafi’s whereabouts are unknown.

Aided by NATO bombers, assault helicopters and a naval blockade, the rebels have transformed the battle in the last few days after many weeks of stalemate.

The United States also deployed two more Predator drones for surveillance operations over Libya, a U.S. official said on Wednesday. It was unclear how many drones the U.S. already had over the country.

On the eastern front, rebel forces said they had tightened their grip around the oil town of Brega, but had suffered high casualties in fighting over the past several days.

“All of Alargop is now free, liberated,” spokesman Musa Mahmoud al Mugrabi said of the area six km south of Brega, on a supply route for Gaddafi’s forces running south.

“Casualties have been very high because it’s urban clashes,” he said. About 40 rebels have been killed and nearly 100 wounded in and around Brega over the past 10 days, according to a tally of reports from the rebels and hospital workers.

The 69-year-old Gaddafi seems isolated with rebel forces closing in and vowing to enter Tripoli by the end of the month. A Reuters reporter in Tripoli, which has been pounded by NATO warplanes for months, said a few explosions were heard from the center of town around midday.

MASS GRAVE

A rebel spokesman from opposition-held Misrata to the east of Tripoli reported that rebels had found the buried bodies of civilians they said had been slaughtered by Gaddafi’s forces.

“We discovered a mass grave containing 150 bodies in Tawargha. These are the corpses of civilians kidnapped from Misrata by Gaddafi’s loyalists,” he said. Rebels found a video “showing kidnappers cutting the throats of people,” he said.

The spokesman said rebel forces were now outside a place called Hisha about 100 km (60 miles) west of Misrata on the road to Tripoli. “They are now on the coastal road,” he said.

Zawiyah’s refinery is one of the few sources of fuel for Gaddafi’s troops and the people of Tripoli. Rebels said the plant was shut but showed no signs of serious damage as much of the fighting was with light weapons. A pipeline linking it to Tripoli was severed on Tuesday, a rebel commander said.

Tripoli is already facing fuel and power shortages, with residents suffering prolonged blackouts and lines at the pumps that can last days.

Libya’s rebel National Transitional Council (NTC) has denied holding secret talks with Gaddafi to end the war. But suspicions persist that some form of end-game negotiation may be going on.

(Additional reporting by Tom Miles in Geneva, Robert Birsel in Benghazi, Missy Ryan in Tripoli, Michael Georgy in the Western Mountains, Hamid Ould Ahmed in Algiers, Souhail Karam in Rabat; Joseph Nasr in Berlin, Phil Stewart in Washington; Ulf Laessing in Garyan; Writing by Richard Valdmanis; Editing by Rosalind Russell)

Gaddafi forces fire Scud missile: U.S. official

fb03b2f5ed4c4fbb78366df4d9339731 Gaddafi forces fire Scud missile: U.S. official

(Reuters) – Forces loyal to fired a Scud missile for the first time in Libya’s civil war, a U.S. defense official said, after rebel advances left the Libyan leader isolated in his capital.

fighting to end Gaddafi’s 41-year rule seized two strategic towns near Tripoli over the past two days, cutting the city off from its supply lines and leaving the Libyan leader with a dwindling set of options if he is to stay in power.

However, pro-Gaddafi forces were encountering a fight-back in one of those towns, Zawiyah, west of Tripoli. Snipers concealed in tall buildings were picking off rebel fighters, and of Russian-made Grad rockets landed in the town.

The Scud missile was fired on Sunday morning from near , Gaddafi’s home town 500 km (310.7 miles) east of Tripoli, and landed further east between the rebel-held towns of and Ajdabiyah, said the U.S. official.

The missile came down in the desert, injuring no one, said the official, who was speaking on condition of anonymity. There was no immediate comment from the government in Tripoli.

Firing the missile, which poses little military threat because it is so inaccurate, is evidence of the Gaddafi administration’s desperation, said Shashank Joshi, Associate Fellow at Britain’s .

“It’s an obvious sign that the regime’s back is to the wall,” he said.

In the six months of fighting up to now, Gaddafi’s forces have used short-range Grad rockets but have not before deployed Scud missiles, which have a range of about 185 miles.

In the in the eastern city of Benghazi, officials said the Scud was probably intended to hit near Ajdabiyah.

“Gaddafi troops are using his last gun. He’s crazy,” said Mohammad Zawawi, media director for rebel forces. “We’re scared he’ll use chemicals. That’s why we’re trying to end this war and we hope to end it with the least number of casualties.”

“We can’t prevent the scuds but we hope NATO can. NATO has the technology to detect them.”

Analysts say the rebel strategy is to isolate Tripoli and hope the government collapses, but they say it is also possible Gaddafi will opt to stage a last-ditch fight for the capital.

In a barely audible telephone call to state television in the early hours of Monday, Gaddafi called on his followers to liberate Libya from rebels and their NATO supporters.

“Get ready for the fight … The blood of martyrs is fuel for the battlefield,” he said.

REBEL PUSH

He was speaking as rebels made their most dramatic advances in months of fighting, shifting the momentum in a conflict that had been largely static and was testing the patience of NATO powers anxious for a swift outcome.

Rebel forces in the Western Mountains south of Tripoli surged forward at the weekend to enter Zawiyah. The town is about 50 km (30 miles) west of Tripoli and, crucially, straddles the main highway linking the capital to Tunisia.

A day later, rebels said they had captured the town of Garyan, which controls the highway south from Tripoli linking it to Sabha, a Gaddafi stronghold deep in the desert.

“Gaddafi has been isolated. He has been cut off from the outside world,” a rebel spokesman from the Western Mountains, called Abdulrahman, told Reuters by telephone.

Tripoli officials deny the rebels control Zawiyah, and say their forces are preparing to drive “armed gangs” from Garyan.

Rebels on the outskirts of Zawiyah said most of Gaddafi’s forces had pulled out of the town, but left behind snipers who made it dangerous for the anti-Gaddafi fighters to move around.

A Reuters reporter saw a rebel pick-up truck deliver six government troops to a makeshift prison. Each of the prisoners was blindfolded with green fabric. They were made to kneel facing a wall and several rebels walked by, shouting at them and slapping them on the head.

“They were firing at us,” said Abdel-Muiz Ramadan, 20, a rebel fighter. “We captured one of them and he gave us the location of the others.”

He said the snipers were concentrated in tall buildings around Martyrs’ Square, focus of a failed revolt by Zawiyah residents earlier this year. “Every time we approach the area, one of their snipers fires at us,” said Ramadan.

Medical workers at one of the town’s hospitals said 20 people, a mixture of rebel fighters and civilians, were killed on Monday, and the death toll for Tuesday had reached one.

PEACE TALKS

A U.N. envoy arrived in neighboring Tunisia, where sources say rebels and representatives of the government have been holed up on the island resort of Djerba for negotiations.

Tunisia’s official news agency on Tuesday quoted the envoy, Abdel Elah al-Khatib, as saying he knew nothing of any negotiations in Djerba.

Speaking in Tunis, he said he held informal talks with representatives of Gaddafi’s government and the rebel council. The envoy did not say who they were or what they discussed.

Gaddafi’s spokesman denied Tripoli was in talks about the leader’s departure, saying reports of such negotiations were the product of a “media war” being waged against Libya.

Talks could signal the endgame of a civil war that has drawn in the NATO alliance and emerged as one of the bloodiest confrontations in the wave of unrest sweeping the Arab world.

Rebels may still lack the manpower for an all-out assault on Tripoli, but are hoping their encirclement of the capital will bring down Gaddafi’s government or inspire an uprising. In the past, however, they have frequently failed to hold gains, and a fightback by Gaddafi troops could yet force them back.

Pro-Gaddafi residents of the capital remain defiant.

Makhjoub Muftah, a school teacher who has signed up as a gun-toting pro-Gaddafi volunteer, like many others seemed to think a into Tripoli was a remote possibility.

“I wish they would march into Tripoli. I wish,” he said, daring the rebels. “They will all die.”

(Additional reporting by Michael Georgy in Zawiyah, Libya, Phil Stewart in Washington, Missy Ryan in Tripoli, Ulf Laessing in Ras Jdir, Tunisia, Hamid Ould Ahmed in Algiers and William Maclean in London; Writing by Christian Lowe; Editing by Jon Hemming)

Report: Interior minister leaves Libya amid defection rumors

ccf9566e5dcd22e48a265b2dc41b757f Report: Interior minister leaves Libya amid defection rumors

Libyan rebels advance on Zawiya
STORY HIGHLIGHTS

NEW: Report: Libya’s arrives in Cairo on a private plane
Gadhafi admonished his supporters to take up arms against
Rebel claims indicate supply roads to Tripoli may be cut off
cannot confirm who controls disputed areas

Tripoli, Libya (CNN) — As Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi urged supporters to take up arms and battle rebel forces Monday, the country’s interior minister arrived in Cairo amid rumors that he had defected, Egypt’s state-run Al-Ahram newspaper reported.

Libyan Interior Minister Nasr al- arrived with nine of his family members, the newspaper reported, citing an unnamed airport official. Libyan Embassy officials did not greet him, and he flew in on a private plane, fueling speculation that he may have abandoned Gadhafi, the newspaper said.

A spokesman for Egypt’s Interior Ministry said airport officials informed the of the Libyan interior minister’s arrival. Officials in Gadhafi’s government could not be immediately reached for comment.

Word of Abdallah’s arrival in Egyptian came hours after Gadhafi urged Libyans to fight and “cleanse this sweet and honorable land” in an address broadcast on Libyan state television.

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While Gadhafi tried to rally supporters, rebels claimed advances in a number of cities in western Libya, which would put them at Tripoli’s doorstep and potentially cut off at least one important Gadhafi supply line.

The government has denied the rebel claims.

from the crowd accompanied the speech on Libyan state television, their cries of “Allah, Libya, Gadhafi and nothing else” drowning out Gadhafi at times.

Although the Libyan leader seemed to speak to individuals in the crowd, directly addressing their actions as they appeared on screen, he never appeared on camera.

“We dance and sing despite the strikes! The strikes will be over and NATO will be defeated,” Gadhafi said. “Move always forward to the challenge; pick up your weapons; go to the fight in order to liberate Libya inch by inch from the traitors and from NATO. Be prepared to fight if they hit the ground.”

Rebel forces fought Gadhafi’s troops Sunday for control of several western areas, a rebel spokesman said. But claims of control over the city of al-Zawiya — if true — would be a strategic blow against government forces, since the road through the city serves as a critical supply line to Tripoli from the west.

Western rebel spokesman Col. Jumma Ibrahim said Sunday that rebel forces held down most of the city. Rebel field commander Adel al-Zintani told CNN his fighters were “clearing the city of Gadhafi forces. There are minor clashes going on inside al-Zawiya.”

NATO bombed an anti- belonging to Gadhafi’s forces in al-Zawiya Sunday, the alliance said in a news release Monday. NATO had previously reported hitting two Gadhafi tanks near al-Zawiya on Saturday.

NATO reported 15 “key hits” on Sunday in Tripoli.

In a televised news conference, Musa Ibrahim, a government spokesman, denied the claims and said government forces halted the rebel attacks in al-Zawiya.

Rebel commander al-Zintani strongly rejected Musa Ibrahim’s assertions that Gadhafi’s forces controlled al-Zawiya and Surman, another city along the western supply road, as well as the government’s claims to Garyan, another city on an essential supply route leading to Tripoli from the south.

“The next few days will prove him wrong,” the rebel field commander said.

NATO struck a Gadhafi “military facility” in Garyan Sunday.

Jumma Ibrahim has said that rebels control the coastal road connecting al-Zawiya with a border post with Tunisia but that Gadhafi forces still controlled the post. Reports from Tunisia’s state-owned Tataouine radio corroborated the account.

CNN has not been able to confirm independently battle claims, including who controls al-Zawiya.

Daily claims of rebel successes indicate rapid progress when compared with positions rebels claimed on previous days.

The government in Tripoli has consistently downplayed claims of rebel victories and played up the strength of Gadhafi’s forces.

“You have to remember we are very powerful,” government spokesman Musa Ibrahim said. “The tens of thousands and tens of thousands of volunteers are armed right now. It doesn’t matter whether NATO advances or not, whether rebels advance or not, because we will always be able to fight, in a year’s time, in two years, in three years.”

“Tripoli is safe,” the government spokesman has said.

Five months into the Libyan war, the rebels have won international support in their effort to oust Gadhafi.

They have been aided by NATO airstrikes that began in March after the U.N. Security Council approved a resolution that ordered civilians be protected.