Chile has begun to count the cost of its deadly 8.8 magnitude earthquake as nations around the Pacific eased their fears of a devastating tsunami.
The quake, on Saturday morning, killed at least 300 people – 90% of them in their homes. It is feared the damage may cost tens of billions of dollars.
One major rescue effort is in the city of Concepcion, where dozens are feared trapped in a collapsed apartment block.
The Pacific-wide alert for a tsunami in the wake of the quake has been lifted.
Chilean President Michelle Bachelet said that two million people had been affected by the earthquake.
The 8.8 quake is one of the biggest ever recorded and the largest to hit Chile in 50 years.
‘Catastrophe’
Many Chileans in affected areas have spent the first night since the earthquake outdoors, afraid to stay inside.
AT THE SCENE
Gideon Long
Gideon Long, BBC News, Santiago
The streets of the capital, usually buzzing with activity on a summer weekend like this, are eerily quiet and dark. Nearly 24 hours after the quake struck, whole swathes of the city have no electricity and no running water.
Many people have packed up and left to stay with friends and relatives who are better off than they are.
The city’s new buildings seemed to have survived more or less intact. But it’s the old buildings that suffered. I drove past my local church – still intact but missing its dome, which crashed to the ground when the earth began to shake.
Around the city of Concepcion, whole villages have been flattened. Highways have been sliced in two and bridges have collapsed.
But help is arriving. Chile has a long history of earthquakes and the authorities here know how to deal with them.
Santiago shaken but spared
In Concepcion, close to the epicentre, mayor Jacqueline van Rysselberghe said dozens of people were trapped in the collapsed apartment block.
“Time is of the essence to save the people inside this building,” she said.
Rescue coordinator Commander Marcelo Plaza said: “We spent the whole night working, smashing through walls to find survivors. The biggest problem is fuel, we need fuel for our machinery and water for our people.”
National television showed pictures of people removing goods from supermarkets in Concepcion, Chile’s second city, before police arrived to clear the crowd with tear gas and water cannon.
The situation there has been described as critical.
Ms van Rysselberghe said Concepcion had as yet received no food or other aid from Santiago and that it was urgently needed.
Strong aftershocks have continued to rock Santiago and other areas.
The epicentre of the quake was 115km (70 miles) north-east of Concepcion and 325km south-west of Santiago.
Chilean officials and ministers are still trying to come to terms with the scale of the disaster.
Interior Minister Edmundo Perez Yoma said it was difficult to give precise figures of a “catastrophe of immense proportions”.
One US risk assessor, Eqecat, put the value of the damage at between $15bn and $30bn (£9.8bn-£19.6bn) or 10-15% of gross domestic product.
About 1.5 million homes have been damaged and police patrols have been stepped up to deter looters.
map
Detailed map of quake
Tsunami spreads through Pacific
Eyewitness: ‘Nature’s fury’
Most of the collapsed buildings were of older design – including many historic structures. About 90% of the historic centre of the town of Curico was destroyed. Many roads and bridges across the affected area were damaged or destroyed.
Santiago airport was damaged and remains closed.
Jose Abumohor, of Chile’s national emergency centre, said efforts were already under way to restore public services.
“The aim is as soon as possible that we manage to reach a state of normality,” he said.
Mr Abumohor said the metro system would soon be working in Santiago and other transport services were slowly returning to normal. Roads were passable, although with diversions.
Efforts were under way to get aid to those who needed it, with relief supplies essential for the Juan Fernandez islands, where at least five people were killed as tsunamis hit.
The coastal town of Talcahuano, badly damaged by tsunami waves, is said to be the worst affected.
Organisation of the reconstruction effort will soon pass to Chile’s new president, Sebastian Pinera, who takes office in two weeks.
POWERFUL EARTHQUAKES
Haiti, 12 Jan 2010: About 230,000 people die after shallow 7.0 magnitude quake
Sumatra, Indonesia, 26 Dec 2004: 9.2 magnitude. Triggers Asian tsunami that kills nearly 250,000 people
Alaska, US, 28 March 1964: 9.2 magnitude; 128 people killed. Anchorage badly damaged
Chile, south of Concepcion, 22 May 1960: 9.5 magnitude. About 1,655 deaths. Tsunami hits Hawaii and Japan
Kamchatka, NE Russia, 4 Nov 1952: 9.0 magnitude
In pictures: Chile quake
Chileans tell of quake terror
Chile well prepared
“It’s going to be a very big task and we’re going to need resources,” he said.
Chile has so far not requested aid despite offers of assistance from the US, China, the EU, the UN and others.
Foreign Minister Mariano Fernandez said Chile did not want aid offers to be “a distraction”, adding: “Any aid that arrives without having been determined to be needed really helps very little.”
Economic analysts say the quake will have a deep impact on Chile’s economy, with the peso weakening in the short term and a large cost for rebuilding.
However, Chile could benefit in the long term from an economic boost in the reconstruction effort.
Alberto Ramos of Goldman Sachs told Reuters: “The Chileans fortunately have the best managed economy in the hemisphere and will be able to deal with this terrible adversity.”
Evacuation orders
Meanwhile fears of a devastating tsunami across the Pacific receded on Sunday.
Japan has maintained an alert, issuing evacuation orders for 320,000 people around the coast.
However, it downgraded its alert from major to normal – meaning waves of two metres were expected rather than three.
About 50 Pacific countries and territories had issued tsunami alerts.
French Polynesia and Tahiti were among those hit by high waves, but no casualties have been reported.
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center on Sunday lifted its Pacific-wide alert.
Warning systems across the Pacific have improved since the 2004 Indonesia quake sparked a tsunami that killed nearly 250,000 people.
